Parallel bundles in planar map geometries

Parallel lines are very important objects in Euclid plane geometry and its behaviors can be gotten by one's intuition. But in a planar map geometry, a kind of the Smarandache geometries, the sutation is complex since it may contains elliptic or hyperbolic points. This paper concentrates on the behavior of parallel bundles, a generazation of parallel lines in plane geometry and obtains characteristics for for parallel bundles.Comment: 16page

Non-Solvable Spaces of Linear Equation Systems

Different from the homogenous systems, a Smarandache system is a contradictory system in which an axiom behaves in at least two different ways within the same system, i.e., validated and invalided, or only invalided but in multiple distinct ways